Hand Out Three

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=200 BGCOLOR="#006633" TEXT="#F7F7FF" background="3a0d6c00ddvuru.jpg"> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#0066FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>Practical Pipers Society</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#333399" FACE="Arial" >    </FONT> |     <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Practical Pipers Society"><U>home</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id159.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="SQA Launch"><U>SQA Launch</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id160.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level 2 (Chanter)"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level 2 (Chanter)</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id161.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level Three (Chanter)"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level Three (Chanter)</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id162.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level 4 Bagpipes"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level 4 Bagpipes</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id163.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level 5 Bagpipes"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level 5 Bagpipes</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id164.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus Level 4 Bagpipes"><U>Syllabus Level 4 Bagpipes</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id153.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Handout One"><U>Handout One</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id154.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Handout Two"><U>Handout Two</U></A>   |   <B>Hand Out Three</B>   |   <A HREF="id156.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Handout Four"><U>Handout Four</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id157.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Mock Exam One"><U>Mock Exam One</U></A></div> <div> Hand Out Three</div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B><U>Lesson Three</U></B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> In modern music, all notation is based on a system of <U>eleven lines</U> </div> <div> and <U>ten spaces</U>, and not merely the five we normally associate with Piping.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Clef Signs</U></B></div> <bR> <div> To immediately recognise which part of the Great Staff is being used we note the presence of a symbol called a Clef.</div> <bR> <div>      There are three Clef signs:</div> <bR> <div> <B>Treble Clef </B> (G Clef)</div> <div>                     </div> <div> <B>C Clef</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Bass Clef</B>  (F Clef)</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Leger Lines </U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>    </B></FONT></div> <div>      These are short additional lines which can be added above or below a stave, to extend its range.</div> <div>      One only, above the stave, is required when writing music for the Great Highland Bagpipe, </div> <div> as the chanter does not go beyond this range.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Scale and Octave</U></B></div> <div>      The word Scale comes from the Greek word for ladder “Scala”.</div> <div>      From this alone, you can gather just how the notes progress.</div> <div>      A scale is a regular alphabetical succession of certain sounds, or the orderly progression of </div> <div> sounds which subdivide the interval of the Octave, such as going from Low `A' to High `A' on the chanter.</div> <div>      The Octave is the eighth note of a scale, including the first one of the interval covering eight degrees </div> <div> of a scale such as Low `A' to High `A' on the chanter.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="42b94d10.jpg" border=0 width="660" height="465" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Time Signatures</U></B></div> <bR> <div>      In pipe music there are three kinds of time:-</div> <bR> <div> Duple          2 Time               (Marches, Slow Marches)</div> <bR> <div> Triple          3 Time               (Retreat, Waltz)</div> <bR> <div> Quadruple     4 Time            (March, Strathspey)    <I>Can also be shown as C     =    “Common Time”</I></div> <bR> <div>      This is in fact a common misconception.  In days of old the was called “Perfect Time” because </div> <div> of it's relationship to the Holy Trinity.  This time signature was indicated by a perfect circle = O.   </div> <div> This symbol was thought of as being perfect.</div> <div>      With the arrival of the additional beat in the bar, the new time signature was looked upon as </div> <div> being imperfect, and so they removed a small piece of the circle to signify it's imperfection. </div> <div>      Hence the similarity to the letter   <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >C</FONT> .</div> <bR> <div>      The use of a line “cutting” through the symbol gives the meaning of dividing the time signature </div> <div> in half thud leaving “Alle Breve”, or what has come to be known as “Cut Common Time”.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Sub-dividing time</U></B></div> <bR> <div>      The three basic times can be subdivided into two distinctive descriptions of the type of note used:</div> <bR> <div> Simple          and          Compound</div> <bR> <bR> <div> Definition   “Simple”     In simple time, the upper figure shows the number of beats in the bar, and the bottom figure shows the value of the beat in relation to the Semibreve.</div> <bR> <div>                 “Compound”     In compound time the top figure of each time signature indicates the number of notes, or their equivalent, in each bar, and the bottom figure indicates their value in relation to the Semibreve. By dividing the top figure by three we get the number of beats in the bar.</div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>