Handout Two

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=200 BGCOLOR="#006633" TEXT="#F7F7FF" background="3a0d6c00ddvuru.jpg"> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#0066FF" FACE="Arial" ><B>Practical Pipers Society</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#333399" FACE="Arial" >    </FONT> |     <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Practical Pipers Society"><U>home</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id159.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="SQA Launch"><U>SQA Launch</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id160.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level 2 (Chanter)"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level 2 (Chanter)</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id161.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level Three (Chanter)"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level Three (Chanter)</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id162.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level 4 Bagpipes"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level 4 Bagpipes</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id163.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus SCQF Level 5 Bagpipes"><U>Syllabus SCQF Level 5 Bagpipes</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id164.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Syllabus Level 4 Bagpipes"><U>Syllabus Level 4 Bagpipes</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id153.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Handout One"><U>Handout One</U></A>   |   <B>Handout Two</B>   |   <A HREF="id155.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hand Out Three"><U>Hand Out Three</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id156.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Handout Four"><U>Handout Four</U></A>   |   <A HREF="id157.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Mock Exam One"><U>Mock Exam One</U></A></div> <div> Handout Two</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B><U>Lesson Two</U></B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <U>Music Notation</U></div> <bR> <div> The Standard Note     One     -     Semibreve…………………….<IMG SRC="44a291d0.png" border=0 width="41" height="29" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>                                       Half     -     Minim…………………...……..<IMG SRC="44b1e310.png" border=0 width="30" height="49" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div>                </div> <div>                                 Quarter     -     Crotchet………………………<IMG SRC="44c213e0.png" border=0 width="33" height="62" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>                                   Eighth     -     Quaver……………………….<IMG SRC="44d2a3d0.png" border=0 width="42" height="61" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>                                    Sixteenth     Semiquaver………………….<IMG SRC="44e23390.png" border=0 width="35" height="57" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>                               Thirty-second     Demi Semiquaver……………<IMG SRC="44f1f3c0.png" border=0 width="31" height="60" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div>                                 There is no real difference between a note in say a March and in a Jig.  </div> <div>                                            The speed of the note depends upon the musician.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="46debb20.png" border=0 width="491" height="434" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>      We now know the names of the notes and their relationship to each other,  but do we actually know what a note is, </div> <div> and can we describe it briefly and accurately.</div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Definition</U></B>     <I><B>A Note</B></I>     is a character or symbol which denotes a period of musical sound.</div> <bR> <div>                        <I><B>A Rest</B></I>     is a character of symbol which denotes a period of musical silence.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div>      <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>Sound                                                    Silence</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div>      <IMG SRC="450291d0.png" border=0 width="41" height="29" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">               Semibreve               <IMG SRC="45145210.png" border=0 width="69" height="33" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>      <IMG SRC="4691e390.png" border=0 width="30" height="57" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">                    Minim                    <IMG SRC="453431f0.png" border=0 width="67" height="31" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>      <IMG SRC="454213e0.png" border=0 width="33" height="62" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">                    Crotchet                    <IMG SRC="455272f0.png" border=0 width="39" height="47" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>      <IMG SRC="4562a3d0.png" border=0 width="42" height="61" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">                     Quaver                    <IMG SRC="457202e0.png" border=0 width="32" height="46" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>      <IMG SRC="45823390.png" border=0 width="35" height="57" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">                   Semiquaver               <IMG SRC="459222c0.png" border=0 width="34" height="44" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>      <IMG SRC="45a1f3c0.png" border=0 width="31" height="60" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">               Demi Semiquaver          <IMG SRC="45b2c300.png" border=0 width="44" height="48" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div>                              The only time a piper uses a “Rest” would be during the first of the first introductory drum roll.  </div> <div>                               This is not now included in the musical score, but is, none the less, part of the performance.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Lengthening Notes & Rests</U></B></div> <bR> <div> A Note may be lengthened in three ways.</div> <bR> <div> By putting a Dot after it.</div> <bR> <div>           <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >     <IMG SRC="45c303e0.png" border=0 width="48" height="62" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"><IMG SRC="45d231f0.png" border=0 width="35" height="31" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <IMG SRC="46b34440.png" border=0 width="52" height="68" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"><IMG SRC="45f1f1c0.png" border=0 width="31" height="28" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <IMG SRC="46a243e0.png" border=0 width="36" height="62" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">          </FONT></div> <bR> <bR> <div> By putting a double Dot after it.</div> <bR> <bR> <div>           <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><IMG SRC="461303a0.png" border=0 width="48" height="58" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"><IMG SRC="46220200.png" border=0 width="32" height="32" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <IMG SRC="463313f0.png" border=0 width="49" height="63" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"><IMG SRC="4641f1c0.png" border=0 width="31" height="28" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <IMG SRC="465243b0.png" border=0 width="36" height="59" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <IMG SRC="4661f1c0.png" border=0 width="31" height="28" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     <IMG SRC="467273d0.png" border=0 width="39" height="61" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></FONT></div> <bR> <bR> <div> By the use of a Tie or Bind</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="4685c5f0.png" border=0 width="92" height="95" ALT="Bitmap Image" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> These are <I><U>exact</U></I> ways of lengthening a Note.</div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> Rests may be dotted and double dotted in the same way as with Notes. </div> <div> They may also be lengthened by having two Rests written together.</div> <bR> <div> <B><U>We never Tie or Bind Rest Signs</U></B></div> <bR> <div>          </div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B><U>MUSICAL SOUND</U></B></div> <bR> <div> We have seen the different ways in which we write down the symbols for sound and silence.  </div> <div> Now we move on to look at the other ways of showing length, volume, pitch, accents, etc.</div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Duration</U></B></div> <div> Duration is the length of sound. It is measured in beats or fractions of a beat.</div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Pitch</U></B></div> <div> Pitch is the height or depth of sound.</div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Accent</U></B></div> <div> Accent is the stress or emphasis given to a particular sound.  Some more than others.</div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Intensity</U></B></div> <div> Intensity is a degree of loudness or softness.</div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Timbre</U></B></div> <div> Timbre is the quality of sound.  This helps us to distinguish between two sounds of the same pitch.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>How are these things represented on paper?</U></B></div> <bR> <div> A musical sound is represented on paper by a sign or symbol called a Note.</div> <div> A Note does two things by representing <B>PITCH </B>and <B>DURATION.</B></div> <div> Thus a Note has two names - Pitch and Shape (Duration).</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <B><U>Musical Notation</U></B></div> <div>      <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Musical Notation is the way in which musical sound is given meaning to the eye.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> It is thus a form of language or communication.</div> <div> Music can then be handed on without playing it or hearing it being played.</div> <bR> <div>      The system must therefor:-</div> <bR> <div> Represent Pitch.</div> <bR> <div> Define Rhythm.</div> <bR> <div> Express Dynamics.<FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > The degree of loudness or softness.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> Be capable of adaptation.<B>  </B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >Open to change and accommodation of new concepts, words, sounds.</FONT></div> <bR> <div> To some extent be visually acceptable.  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >That is, the structure of symbols should relate to the sounds represented.</FONT></div> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Early Examples of Musical Notation</U></B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>The system of Neumes</U></B></div> <div> This system had three basic notes and was more an aid to memory rather than an exact system.</div> <div> The tune still had to be learned outside the system itself, but since it made use of symbols, we </div> <div> could say it was a <U>symbolic</U> <U>system</U>.</div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> Maxima     (Large)</div> <div> Longa          (Long)</div> <div> Breve          (Brief)</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>Canntaireachd</U></B></div> <div> Here vowels indicated pitch, but not duration and embellishment.  </div> <div> Musical structures were included by the use of words and consonants.  </div> <div> Because of this we can refer to canntaireachd as a <U>linguistic system</U>.</div> <bR> <bR> <div> Of course, these systems were all very early and for the most part were very inaccurate.  </div> <div> In modern times, it is important to have an accurate record of how the melody was originally </div> <div> written, and how the author wanted it to be reproduced.</div> <div> For this to be done there has to be uniformity in presenting it to the eye of the performer in </div> <div> an acceptable form.</div> <bR> <div> <U>THUS WE HAVE THE MODERN FORM OF </U><B><U>“STAFF</U></B><U> </U><B><U>NOTATION”</U></B></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>